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      SpringCloud(二)
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        <h1 id="1-服务调用Feign入门"><a href="#1-服务调用Feign入门" class="headerlink" title="1.    服务调用Feign入门"></a>1.    服务调用Feign入门</h1><p>前面我们使用的RestTemplate实现REST API调用，代码大致如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/buy/&#123;id&#125;"</span>, method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Product product = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    product = restTemplate.getForObject(<span class="string">"http://service-product/product/1"</span>, Product<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> product;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>由代码可知，我们是使用拼接字符串的方式构造URL的，该URL只有一个参数。但是，在现实中，URL中往往含有多个参数。这时候我们如果还用这种方式构造URL，那么就会非常痛苦。那应该如何解决？我们带着这样的问题进入到本章的学习。</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h2 id="1-1-Feign简介"><a href="#1-1-Feign简介" class="headerlink" title="1.1    Feign简介"></a>1.1    Feign简介</h2><p>Feign是Netflix开发的声明式，模板化的HTTP客户端，其灵感来自Retrofit,JAXRS-2.0以及WebSocket.</p>
<ul>
<li>Feign可帮助我们更加便捷，优雅的调用HTTP API。</li>
<li>在SpringCloud中，使用Feign非常简单——创建一个接口，并在接口上添加一些注解，代码就完成了。</li>
<li>Feign支持多种注解，例如Feign自带的注解或者JAX-RS注解等。</li>
<li>SpringCloud对Feign进行了增强，使Feign支持了SpringMVC注解，并整合了Ribbon和Eureka，从而让Feign的使用更加方便。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="1-2-基于Feign的服务调用"><a href="#1-2-基于Feign的服务调用" class="headerlink" title="1.2    基于Feign的服务调用"></a>1.2    基于Feign的服务调用</h2><h3 id="1-2-1-引入依赖"><a href="#1-2-1-引入依赖" class="headerlink" title="1.2.1    引入依赖"></a>1.2.1    引入依赖</h3><p>在服务消费者 shop_service_order 添加Fegin依赖</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!--springcloud整合的openFeign--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="1-2-2-配置调用接口"><a href="#1-2-2-配置调用接口" class="headerlink" title="1.2.2    配置调用接口"></a>1.2.2    配置调用接口</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 声明需要调用的微服务名称</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@FeignClient</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *      name : 服务提供者的名称</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@FeignClient</span>(name = <span class="string">"service-product"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">ProductFeignClient</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 配置需要调用的微服务接口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@param</span> id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/product/&#123;id&#125;"</span>, method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable(<span class="string">"id"</span>)</span> Long id)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>定义各参数绑定时， @PathVariable、@RequestParam、@RequestHeader等可以指定参数属性，在Feign中绑定参数必须通过value属性来指明具体的参数名，不然会抛出异常</li>
<li>@FeignClient ：注解通过name指定需要调用的微服务的名称，用于创建Ribbon的负载均衡器。会通过动态代理的形式创建ProductFeignClient接口的实现类。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-2-3-启动类激活Feign"><a href="#1-2-3-启动类激活Feign" class="headerlink" title="1.2.3    启动类激活Feign"></a>1.2.3    启动类激活Feign</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 启动类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@SpringBootApplication</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//激活Feign</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@EnableFeignClients</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">OrderApplication</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>, <span class="title">args</span>)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>通过@EnableFeignClients注解开启Spring Cloud Feign的支持功能</p>
<h3 id="1-2-4-通过自动的接口调用远程微服务"><a href="#1-2-4-通过自动的接口调用远程微服务" class="headerlink" title="1.2.4    通过自动的接口调用远程微服务"></a>1.2.4    通过自动的接口调用远程微服务</h3><p>修改 OrderController ，添加ProductFeginClient的自动注入，并在order方法中使用ProductFeginClient 完成微服务调用</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RestController</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="string">"/order"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">OrderController</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> ProductFeignClient productFeignClient;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 通过订单系统,调用商品服务根据id查询商品信息</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@param</span> id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/buy/&#123;id&#125;"</span>, method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Product product = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        product = productFeignClient.findById(id);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> product;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="1-2-5-测试效果"><a href="#1-2-5-测试效果" class="headerlink" title="1.2.5    测试效果"></a>1.2.5    测试效果</h3><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151437554.png" alt="image-20201104113657373"></p>
<h2 id="1-3-Feign-和Ribbon的联系"><a href="#1-3-Feign-和Ribbon的联系" class="headerlink" title="1.3    Feign 和Ribbon的联系"></a>1.3    Feign 和Ribbon的联系</h2><p><strong>Ribbon</strong>是一个基于 HTTP 和 TCP<strong>客户端</strong>的负载均衡的工具。它可以在<strong>客户端</strong>配置RibbonServerList（服务端列表），使用 HttpClient 或 RestTemplate 模拟http请求，步骤相当繁琐。</p>
<p><strong>Feign</strong>是在 Ribbon的基础上进行了一次改进，是一个使用起来更加方便的 HTTP 客户端。采用接口的方式， 只需要创建一个接口，然后在上面添加注解即可 ，将需要调用的其他服务的方法定义成抽象方法即可， 不需要自己构建http请求。然后就像是调用自身工程的方法调用，而感觉不到是调用远程方法，使得编写客户端变得非常容易</p>
<h2 id="1-4-负载均衡"><a href="#1-4-负载均衡" class="headerlink" title="1.4    负载均衡"></a>1.4    负载均衡</h2><p>Feign 中本身已经集成了Ribbon依赖和自动配置，因此我们不需要额外引入依赖，也不需要再注册RestTemplate 对象。另外，我们可以像上节课中讲的那样去配置Ribbon，可以通过 <code>ribbon.xx</code> 来进行全局配置。也可以通过 <code>服务名.ribbon.xx</code> 来对指定服务配置。</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#修改ribbon的负载均衡策略   服务名 -  ribbon - NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName : 策略</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">service-product:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">ribbon:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName:</span> <span class="string">com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="2-服务调用Feign高级"><a href="#2-服务调用Feign高级" class="headerlink" title="2.    服务调用Feign高级"></a>2.    服务调用Feign高级</h1><h2 id="2-1-Feign的配置"><a href="#2-1-Feign的配置" class="headerlink" title="2.1    Feign的配置"></a>2.1    Feign的配置</h2><p>从Spring Cloud Edgware开始，Feign支持使用属性自定义Feign。对于一个指定名称的Feign Client（例如该Feign Client的名称为 feignName ），Feign支持如下配置项：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">feign:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">client:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">config:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">feignName:</span>  <span class="comment">#定义FeginClient的名称</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">connectTimeout:</span> <span class="number">5000</span>  <span class="comment">#建立链接的超时时长 相当于Request.Options</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">readTimeout:</span> <span class="number">5000</span>   <span class="comment">#读取超时时长 相当于Request.Options</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">loggerLevel:</span> <span class="string">full</span>   <span class="comment"># 配置Feign的日志级别，相当于代码配置方式中的Logger</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">errorDecoder:</span> <span class="string">com.example.SimpleErrorDecoder</span>  <span class="comment"># Feign的错误解码器，相当于代码配置方式中的ErrorDecoder</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">retryer:</span> <span class="string">com.example.SimpleRetryer</span>    <span class="comment"># 配置重试，相当于代码配置方式中的Retryer</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">requestInterceptors:</span>  <span class="comment"># 配置请求拦截器，相当于代码配置方式中的RequestInterceptor</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="string">com.example.FooRequestInterceptor</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="string">com.example.BarRequestInterceptor</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">decode404:</span> <span class="literal">false</span>  <span class="comment"># 配置熔断不处理404异常</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="2-2-请求压缩"><a href="#2-2-请求压缩" class="headerlink" title="2.2    请求压缩"></a>2.2    请求压缩</h2><p>Spring Cloud Feign 支持对请求和响应进行GZIP压缩，以减少通信过程中的性能损耗。通过下面的参数即可开启请求与响应的压缩功能：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">feign:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">compression:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">request:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">enabled:</span> <span class="literal">true</span> <span class="comment"># 开启请求压缩</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">response:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">enabled:</span> <span class="literal">true</span> <span class="comment"># 开启响应压缩</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>同时，我们也可以对请求的数据类型，以及触发压缩的大小下限进行设置：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">feign:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">compression:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">request:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">enabled:</span> <span class="literal">true</span> <span class="comment"># 开启请求压缩</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">mime-types:</span> <span class="string">text/html,application/xml,application/json</span> <span class="comment"># 设置压缩的数据类型</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">min-request-size:</span> <span class="number">2048</span> <span class="comment"># 设置触发压缩的大小下限</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>注：上面的数据类型、压缩大小下限均为默认值。</p>
<h2 id="2-3-日志级别"><a href="#2-3-日志级别" class="headerlink" title="2.3    日志级别"></a>2.3    日志级别</h2><p>在开发或者运行阶段往往希望看到Feign请求过程的日志记录，默认情况下Feign的日志是没有开启的。要想用属性配置方式来达到日志效果，只需在 application.yml 中添加如下内容即可：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#配置feign日志的输出</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#日志配置  NONE : 不输出日志(高)   BASIC: 适用于生产环境追踪问题</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#HEADERS : 在BASIC的基础上,记录请求和响应头信息   FULL : 记录所有</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">feign:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">client:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">config:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">service-product:</span>  <span class="comment">#需要调用的服务名称</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">loggerLevel:</span> <span class="string">FULL</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">logging:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">level:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">com.wgy.order.feign.ProductFeignClient:</span> <span class="string">debug</span>	<span class="comment">#Feign日志只会对日志级别为debug的做出响应</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="2-4-源码分析"><a href="#2-4-源码分析" class="headerlink" title="2.4    源码分析"></a>2.4    源码分析</h2><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151454398.png" alt="image-20201104115652348"></p>
<h1 id="3-微服务架构的高并发问题"><a href="#3-微服务架构的高并发问题" class="headerlink" title="3.    微服务架构的高并发问题"></a>3.    微服务架构的高并发问题</h1><p>通过注册中心已经实现了微服务的服务注册和服务发现，并且通过Ribbon实现了负载均衡，已经借助Feign可以优雅的进行微服务调用。那么我们编写的微服务的性能怎么样呢，是否存在问题呢？</p>
<h2 id="3-1-性能工具Jmetter"><a href="#3-1-性能工具Jmetter" class="headerlink" title="3.1    性能工具Jmetter"></a>3.1    性能工具Jmetter</h2><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151504453.png" alt="image-20201104122453332"></p>
<p>Apache JMeter 是Apache组织开发的基于Java的压力测试工具。用于对软件做压力测试，它最初被设计用于Web应用测试，但后来扩展到其他测试领域。 它可以用于测试静态和动态资源，例如静态文件、Java 小服务程序、CGI 脚本、Java 对象、数据库、FTP 服务器， 等等。JMeter 可以用于对服务器、网络或对象模拟巨大的负载，来自不同压力类别下测试它们的强度和分析整体性能。另外JMeter能够对应用程序做功能/回归测试，通过创建带有断言的脚本来验证你的程序返回了你期望的结果。为了最大限度的灵活性，JMeter允许使用正则表达式创建断言。</p>
<h3 id="3-1-1-安装Jmetter"><a href="#3-1-1-安装Jmetter" class="headerlink" title="3.1.1    安装Jmetter"></a>3.1.1    安装Jmetter</h3><p>Jmetter安装十分简单，将 apache -jmeter-2.13.zip 完整压缩包解压，找到安装目录下bin/jmeter.bat 已管理员身份启动即可</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151511548.png" alt="image-20201104123216845"></p>
<h3 id="3-1-2-配置Jmetter"><a href="#3-1-2-配置Jmetter" class="headerlink" title="3.1.2    配置Jmetter"></a>3.1.2    配置Jmetter</h3><h4 id="3-1-2-1-创建新的测试计划"><a href="#3-1-2-1-创建新的测试计划" class="headerlink" title="3.1.2.1    创建新的测试计划"></a>3.1.2.1    创建新的测试计划</h4><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151517869.png" alt="image-20201104123240442"></p>
<h4 id="3-1-2-2-测试计划下创建发起请求的线程组"><a href="#3-1-2-2-测试计划下创建发起请求的线程组" class="headerlink" title="3.1.2.2    测试计划下创建发起请求的线程组"></a>3.1.2.2    测试计划下创建发起请求的线程组</h4><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020110415152443.png" alt="image-20201104123258982"></p>
<ul>
<li>可以配置请求的线程数</li>
<li>以及每个请求发送的请求次数</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="3-1-2-3-创建http请求模板"><a href="#3-1-2-3-创建http请求模板" class="headerlink" title="3.1.2.3    创建http请求模板"></a>3.1.2.3    创建http请求模板</h4><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151531642.png" alt="image-20201104123502417"></p>
<h4 id="3-1-2-4-配置测试的接口信息"><a href="#3-1-2-4-配置测试的接口信息" class="headerlink" title="3.1.2.4    配置测试的接口信息"></a>3.1.2.4    配置测试的接口信息</h4><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151539433.png" alt="image-20201104123523741"></p>
<h2 id="3-2-系统负载过高存在的问题"><a href="#3-2-系统负载过高存在的问题" class="headerlink" title="3.2    系统负载过高存在的问题"></a>3.2    系统负载过高存在的问题</h2><h3 id="3-2-1-问题分析"><a href="#3-2-1-问题分析" class="headerlink" title="3.2.1    问题分析"></a>3.2.1    问题分析</h3><p>在微服务架构中，我们将业务拆分成一个个的服务，服务与服务之间可以相互调用，由于网络原因或者自身的原因，服务并不能保证服务的100%可用，如果单个服务出现问题，调用这个服务就会出现网络延迟，此时若有大量的网络涌入，会形成任务累计，导致服务瘫痪。</p>
<p>在SpringBoot程序中，默认使用内置tomcat作为web服务器。单tomcat支持最大的并发请求是有限的，如果某一接口阻塞，待执行的任务积压越来越多，那么势必会影响其他接口的调用。</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151653414.png" alt="image-20201104134044617"></p>
<h3 id="3-2-2-线程池的形式实现服务隔离"><a href="#3-2-2-线程池的形式实现服务隔离" class="headerlink" title="3.2.2    线程池的形式实现服务隔离"></a>3.2.2    线程池的形式实现服务隔离</h3><h4 id="3-2-2-1-配置坐标"><a href="#3-2-2-1-配置坐标" class="headerlink" title="3.2.2.1    配置坐标"></a>3.2.2.1    配置坐标</h4><p>为了方便实现线以线程池的形式完成资源隔离，需要引入如下依赖</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>com.netflix.hystrix<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>hystrix-metrics-event-stream<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>1.5.12<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>com.netflix.hystrix<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>hystrix-javanica<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>1.5.12<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="3-2-2-2-配置线程池"><a href="#3-2-2-2-配置线程池" class="headerlink" title="3.2.2.2    配置线程池"></a>3.2.2.2    配置线程池</h4><p>配置HystrixCommand接口的实现类，再实现类中可以对线程池进行配置</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">OrderCommand</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">HystrixCommand</span>&lt;<span class="title">Product</span>&gt; </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> RestTemplate restTemplate;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> Long id;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">OrderCommand</span><span class="params">(RestTemplate restTemplate, Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">super</span>(setter());</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">this</span>.restTemplate = restTemplate;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">this</span>.id = id;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Setter <span class="title">setter</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 服务分组</span></span><br><span class="line">        HystrixCommandGroupKey groupKey = HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey(<span class="string">"order_product"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 服务标识</span></span><br><span class="line">        HystrixCommandKey commandKey = HystrixCommandKey.Factory.asKey(<span class="string">"product"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 线程池名称</span></span><br><span class="line">        HystrixThreadPoolKey threadPoolKey = HystrixThreadPoolKey.Factory.asKey(<span class="string">"order_product_pool"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * 线程池配置</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         *     withCoreSize :  线程池大小为10</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         *     withKeepAliveTimeMinutes:  线程存活时间15秒</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         *     withQueueSizeRejectionThreshold  :队列等待的阈值为100,超过100执行拒绝策略</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         */</span></span><br><span class="line">        HystrixThreadPoolProperties.Setter threadPoolProperties = HystrixThreadPoolProperties.Setter().withCoreSize(<span class="number">50</span>)</span><br><span class="line">                .withKeepAliveTimeMinutes(<span class="number">15</span>).withQueueSizeRejectionThreshold(<span class="number">100</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 命令属性配置Hystrix 开启超时</span></span><br><span class="line">        HystrixCommandProperties.Setter commandProperties = HystrixCommandProperties.Setter()</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 采用线程池方式实现服务隔离</span></span><br><span class="line">                .withExecutionIsolationStrategy(HystrixCommandProperties.ExecutionIsolationStrategy.THREAD)</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 禁止</span></span><br><span class="line">                .withExecutionTimeoutEnabled(<span class="keyword">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> Setter.withGroupKey(groupKey).andCommandKey(commandKey).andThreadPoolKey(threadPoolKey)</span><br><span class="line">                .andThreadPoolPropertiesDefaults(threadPoolProperties).andCommandPropertiesDefaults(commandProperties);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Product <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> restTemplate.getForObject(<span class="string">"http://127.0.0.1/product/"</span> + id, Product<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Product <span class="title">getFallback</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Product product = <span class="keyword">new</span> Product();</span><br><span class="line">        product.setProductName(<span class="string">"不好意思,出错了"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> product;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="3-2-2-3-配置调用"><a href="#3-2-2-3-配置调用" class="headerlink" title="3.2.2.3    配置调用"></a>3.2.2.3    配置调用</h4><p>修改 OrderController ，使用自定义的OrderCommand完成调用</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RestController</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="string">"/order"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">OrderController</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//注入restTemplate对象</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> RestTemplate restTemplate;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 使用OrderCommand调用远程服务</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/buy/&#123;id&#125;"</span>, method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> OrderCommand(restTemplate, id).execute();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/&#123;id&#125;"</span>, method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">findOrder</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"根据id查询订单"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="4-服务熔断Hystrix入门"><a href="#4-服务熔断Hystrix入门" class="headerlink" title="4.    服务熔断Hystrix入门"></a>4.    服务熔断Hystrix入门</h1><h2 id="4-1-服务容错的核心知识"><a href="#4-1-服务容错的核心知识" class="headerlink" title="4.1    服务容错的核心知识"></a>4.1    服务容错的核心知识</h2><h3 id="4-1-1-雪崩效应"><a href="#4-1-1-雪崩效应" class="headerlink" title="4.1.1    雪崩效应"></a>4.1.1    雪崩效应</h3><p>在微服务架构中，一个请求需要调用多个服务是非常常见的。如客户端访问A服务，而A服务需要调用B服务，B服务需要调用C服务，由于网络原因或者自身的原因，如果B服务或者C服务不能及时响应，A服务将处于阻塞状态，直到B服务C服务响应。此时若有大量的请求涌入，容器的线程资源会被消耗完毕，导致服务瘫痪。服务与服务之间的依赖性，故障会传播，造成连锁反应，会对整个微服务系统造成灾难性的严重后果，这就是服务故障的“雪崩”效应。</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151545628.png" alt="image-20201104124844180"></p>
<p>雪崩是系统中的蝴蝶效应导致其发生的原因多种多样，有不合理的容量设计，或者是高并发下某一个方法响应变慢，亦或是某台机器的资源耗尽。从源头上我们无法完全杜绝雪崩源头的发生，但是雪崩的根本原因来源于服务之间的强依赖，所以我们可以提前评估，做好<strong>熔断</strong>，<strong>隔离</strong>，<strong>限流</strong>。</p>
<h3 id="4-1-2-服务隔离"><a href="#4-1-2-服务隔离" class="headerlink" title="4.1.2    服务隔离"></a>4.1.2    服务隔离</h3><p>顾名思义，它是指将系统按照一定的原则划分为若干个服务模块，各个模块之间相对独立，无强依赖。当有故障发生时，能将问题和影响隔离在某个模块内部，而不扩散风险，不波及其它模块，不影响整体的系统服务。</p>
<h3 id="4-1-3-熔断降级"><a href="#4-1-3-熔断降级" class="headerlink" title="4.1.3    熔断降级"></a>4.1.3    熔断降级</h3><p>熔断这一概念来源于电子工程中的断路器（Circuit Breaker）。在互联网系统中，当下游服务因访问压力过大而响应变慢或失败，上游服务为了保护系统整体的可用性，可以暂时切断对下游服务的调用。这种牺牲局部，保全整体的措施就叫做熔断。</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151552702.png" alt="image-20201104125058257"></p>
<p>所谓降级，就是当某个服务熔断之后，服务器将不再被调用，此时客户端可以自己准备一个本地的fallback回调，返回一个缺省值。 也可以理解为兜底</p>
<h3 id="4-1-4-服务限流"><a href="#4-1-4-服务限流" class="headerlink" title="4.1.4    服务限流"></a>4.1.4    服务限流</h3><p>限流可以认为服务降级的一种，限流就是限制系统的输入和输出流量已达到保护系统的目的。一般来说系统的吞吐量是可以被测算的，为了保证系统的稳固运行，一旦达到的需要限制的阈值，就需要限制流量并采取少量措施以完成限制流量的目的。比方：推迟解决，拒绝解决，或者者部分拒绝解决等等。</p>
<h2 id="4-2-Hystrix介绍"><a href="#4-2-Hystrix介绍" class="headerlink" title="4.2    Hystrix介绍"></a>4.2    Hystrix介绍</h2><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151601485.png" alt="image-20201104125204091"></p>
<p>Hystrix 是由Netflix开源的一个延迟和容错库，用于隔离访问远程系统、服务或者第三方库，防止级联失败，从而提升系统的可用性与容错性。Hystrix主要通过以下几点实现延迟和容错。</p>
<ul>
<li>包裹请求：使用 HystrixCommand包裹对依赖的调用逻辑，每个命令在独立线程中执行。这使用了设计模式中的“命令模式”。</li>
<li>跳闸机制：当某服务的错误率超过一定的阈值时， Hystrix可以自动或手动跳闸，停止请求该服务一段时间。</li>
<li>资源隔离： Hystrix为每个依赖都维护了一个小型的线程池（或者信号量）。如果该线程池已满，发往该依赖的请求就被立即拒绝，而不是排队等待，从而加速失败判定。</li>
<li>监控： Hystrix可以近乎实时地监控运行指标和配置的变化，例如成功、失败、超时、以及被拒绝的请求等。</li>
<li>回退机制：当请求失败、超时、被拒绝，或当断路器打开时，执行回退逻辑。回退逻辑由开发人员自行提供，例如返回一个缺省值。</li>
<li>自我修复：断路器打开一段时间后，会自动进入 “半开”状态。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="4-3-Rest实现服务熔断"><a href="#4-3-Rest实现服务熔断" class="headerlink" title="4.3    Rest实现服务熔断"></a>4.3    Rest实现服务熔断</h2><h3 id="4-3-1-引入Hystrix的依赖"><a href="#4-3-1-引入Hystrix的依赖" class="headerlink" title="4.3.1    引入Hystrix的依赖"></a>4.3.1    引入Hystrix的依赖</h3><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="4-3-2-启动类激活Hystrix"><a href="#4-3-2-启动类激活Hystrix" class="headerlink" title="4.3.2    启动类激活Hystrix"></a>4.3.2    启动类激活Hystrix</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 启动类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@SpringBootApplication</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//激活hystrix</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@EnableCircuitBreaker</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">OrderApplication</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>, <span class="title">args</span>)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 使用spring提供的RestTemplate发送http请求到商品服务</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      1.创建RestTemplate对象交给容器管理</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      2.在使用的时候,调用其方法完成操作 (getXX,postxxx)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span> restTemplate</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@LoadBalanced</span> : 是ribbon提供的负载均衡的注解</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@LoadBalanced</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> RestTemplate <span class="title">restTemplate</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> RestTemplate();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="4-3-3-配置熔断触发的降级逻辑"><a href="#4-3-3-配置熔断触发的降级逻辑" class="headerlink" title="4.3.3    配置熔断触发的降级逻辑"></a>4.3.3    配置熔断触发的降级逻辑</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RestController</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="string">"/order"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">OrderController</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//注入restTemplate对象</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> RestTemplate restTemplate;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 使用注解配置熔断保护</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      fallbackmethod : 配置熔断之后的降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@param</span> id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@HystrixCommand</span>(fallbackMethod = <span class="string">"orderFallBack"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/product/&#123;id&#125;"</span>, method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> restTemplate.getForObject(<span class="string">"http://service-product/product/1"</span>, Product<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      和需要收到保护的方法的返回值一致</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      方法参数一致</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@param</span> id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">orderFallBack</span><span class="params">(Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Product product = <span class="keyword">new</span> Product();</span><br><span class="line">        product.setProductName(<span class="string">"熔断:触发降级方法"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> product;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>有代码可知，为 findById 方法编写一个回退方法orderFallBack，该方法与 findById 方法具有相同的参数与返回值类型，该方法返回一个默认的错误信息。</p>
<p>在 findById方法上，使用注解@HystrixCommand的fallbackMethod属性，指定熔断触发的降级方法是orderFallBack。</p>
<ul>
<li>因为熔断的降级逻辑方法必须跟正常逻辑方法保证： <strong>相同的参数列表和返回值声明</strong>。</li>
<li>在 findById 方法上 HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = “orderFallBack”) 用来声明一个降级逻辑的方法</li>
</ul>
<p>当 shop -service-product 微服务正常时，浏览器访问 <a href="http://localhost:9001/order/product/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:9001/order/product/1</a></p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151608597.png" alt="image-20201104131436547"></p>
<p>可以正常调用服务提供者获取数据。当将商品微服务停止时继续访问</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151615272.png" alt="image-20201104131451066"></p>
<p>此时 Hystrix配置已经生效进入熔断降级方法。</p>
<h4 id="4-3-3-1-默认的Fallback"><a href="#4-3-3-1-默认的Fallback" class="headerlink" title="4.3.3.1    默认的Fallback"></a>4.3.3.1    默认的Fallback</h4><p>我们刚才把fallback写在了某个业务方法上，如果这样的方法很多，那岂不是要写很多。所以我们可以把Fallback配置加在类上，实现默认fallback：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RestController</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="string">"/order"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@DefaultProperties</span> : 指定此接口中公共的熔断设置</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *      如果过在<span class="doctag">@DefaultProperties</span>指定了公共的降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *      在<span class="doctag">@HystrixCommand</span>不需要单独指定了</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@DefaultProperties</span>(defaultFallback = <span class="string">"defaultFallBack"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">OrderController</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//注入restTemplate对象</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> RestTemplate restTemplate;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 使用注解配置熔断保护</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@param</span> id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@HystrixCommand</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/buy/&#123;id&#125;"</span>, method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> restTemplate.getForObject(<span class="string">"http://service-product/product/1"</span>, Product<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 指定统一的降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      参数 : 没有参数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">defaultFallBack</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Product product = <span class="keyword">new</span> Product();</span><br><span class="line">        product.setProductName(<span class="string">"触发统一的降级方法"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> product;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="4-3-3-2-超时设置"><a href="#4-3-3-2-超时设置" class="headerlink" title="4.3.3.2    超时设置"></a>4.3.3.2    超时设置</h4><p>在之前的案例中，请求在超过1秒后都会返回错误信息，这是因为Hystix的默认超时时长为1，我们可以通过配置修改这个值：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">hystrix:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">command:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">default:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">execution:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">isolation:</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="attr">thread:</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">timeoutInMilliseconds:</span> <span class="number">2000</span> <span class="comment">#默认的连接超时时间1秒,若1秒没有返回数据,自动的触发降级逻辑</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="4-4-Feign-实现服务熔断"><a href="#4-4-Feign-实现服务熔断" class="headerlink" title="4.4    Feign 实现服务熔断"></a>4.4    Feign 实现服务熔断</h2><p>SpringCloud Fegin默认已为Feign整合了hystrix，所以添加Feign依赖后就不用在添加hystrix，那么怎么才能让Feign的熔断机制生效呢，只要按以下步骤开发：</p>
<h3 id="4-4-1-在Feign中配置开启Hystrix"><a href="#4-4-1-在Feign中配置开启Hystrix" class="headerlink" title="4.4.1    在Feign中配置开启Hystrix"></a>4.4.1    在Feign中配置开启Hystrix</h3><p>在Feign中已经内置了hystrix，但是默认是关闭的需要在工程的 application.yml 中开启对hystrix的支持</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">feign:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">#开启对hystrix的支持</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">hystrix:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">enabled:</span> <span class="literal">true</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="4-4-2-配置FeignClient接口的实现类"><a href="#4-4-2-配置FeignClient接口的实现类" class="headerlink" title="4.4.2    配置FeignClient接口的实现类"></a>4.4.2    配置FeignClient接口的实现类</h3><p>基于Feign实现熔断降级，那么降级方法需要配置到FeignClient接口的实现类中</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 实现自定义的ProductFeginClient接口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *      在接口实现类中编写熔断降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Component</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">ProductFeignClientCallBack</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">ProductFeignClient</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 熔断降级的方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Product product = <span class="keyword">new</span> Product();</span><br><span class="line">        product.setProductName(<span class="string">"feign调用触发熔断降级方法"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> product;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="4-4-3-修改FeignClient添加hystrix熔断"><a href="#4-4-3-修改FeignClient添加hystrix熔断" class="headerlink" title="4.4.3    修改FeignClient添加hystrix熔断"></a>4.4.3    修改FeignClient添加hystrix熔断</h3><p>@FeignClient 注解中以fallback声明降级方法</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 声明需要调用的微服务名称</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@FeignClient</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *      name : 服务提供者的名称</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *      fallback : 配置熔断发生降级方法实现类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@FeignClient</span>(name = <span class="string">"service-product"</span>, fallback = ProductFeignClientCallBack<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="title">public</span> <span class="title">interface</span> <span class="title">ProductFeignClient</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 配置需要调用的微服务接口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@param</span> id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/product/&#123;id&#125;"</span>, method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable(<span class="string">"id"</span>)</span> Long id)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="5-服务熔断Hystrix高级"><a href="#5-服务熔断Hystrix高级" class="headerlink" title="5.    服务熔断Hystrix高级"></a>5.    服务熔断Hystrix高级</h1><p>我们知道，当请求失败，被拒绝，超时的时候，都会进入到降级方法中。但进入降级方法并不意味着断路器已经被打开。那么如何才能了解断路器中的状态呢？</p>
<h2 id="5-1-Hystrix的监控平台"><a href="#5-1-Hystrix的监控平台" class="headerlink" title="5.1    Hystrix的监控平台"></a>5.1    Hystrix的监控平台</h2><p>除了实现容错功能，Hystrix还提供了近乎实时的监控，HystrixCommand和HystrixObservableCommand在执行时，会生成执行结果和运行指标。比如每秒的请求数量，成功数量等。这些状态会暴露在Actuator提供的/health端点中。只需为项目添加 spring -boot-actuator 依赖，重启项目，访问 <a href="http://localhost:9001/actuator/hystrix.stream" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:9001/actuator/hystrix.stream</a> ,即可看到实时的监控数据。</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#默认只有几个,配置暴露所有actuator监控的端点</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">management:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">endpoints:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">web:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">exposure:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">include:</span> <span class="string">'*'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151622311.png" alt="image-20201104132946345"></p>
<h3 id="5-1-1-搭建Hystrix-DashBoard监控"><a href="#5-1-1-搭建Hystrix-DashBoard监控" class="headerlink" title="5.1.1    搭建Hystrix DashBoard监控"></a>5.1.1    搭建Hystrix DashBoard监控</h3><p>刚刚讨论了Hystrix的监控，但访问/hystrix.stream接口获取的都是已文字形式展示的信息。很难通过文字直观的展示系统的运行状态，所以Hystrix官方还提供了基于图形化的DashBoard（仪表板）监控平台。Hystrix仪表板可以显示每个断路器（被@HystrixCommand注解的方法）的状态。</p>
<h4 id="5-1-1-1-导入依赖"><a href="#5-1-1-1-导入依赖" class="headerlink" title="5.1.1.1    导入依赖"></a>5.1.1.1    导入依赖</h4><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!--引入hystrix的监控信息--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-actuator<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="5-1-1-2-添加EnableHystrixDashboard-注解"><a href="#5-1-1-2-添加EnableHystrixDashboard-注解" class="headerlink" title="5.1.1.2    添加EnableHystrixDashboard 注解"></a>5.1.1.2    添加EnableHystrixDashboard 注解</h4><p>在启动类使用@EnableHystrixDashboard注解激活仪表盘项目</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 启动类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@SpringBootApplication</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//激活Feign</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@EnableFeignClients</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//激活hystrix</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@EnableCircuitBreaker</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//激活hytrix的web监控平台</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@EnableHystrixDashboard</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">OrderApplication</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>, <span class="title">args</span>)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="5-1-1-3-访问测试"><a href="#5-1-1-3-访问测试" class="headerlink" title="5.1.1.3    访问测试"></a>5.1.1.3    访问测试</h4><p><a href="http://localhost:9001/hystrix" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:9001/hystrix</a></p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151630211.png" alt="image-20201104133612092"></p>
<p>输入监控断点展示监控的详细数据：<a href="http://localhost:9001/actuator/hystrix.stream" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:9001/actuator/hystrix.stream</a></p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151636950.png" alt="image-20201104133735884"></p>
<p>hystrix控制台面板说明：</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151644929.png" alt="image-20201104133757649"></p>
<h3 id="5-1-2-断路器聚合监控Turbine"><a href="#5-1-2-断路器聚合监控Turbine" class="headerlink" title="5.1.2    断路器聚合监控Turbine"></a>5.1.2    断路器聚合监控Turbine</h3><p>在微服务架构体系中，每个服务都需要配置Hystrix DashBoard监控。如果每次只能查看单个实例的监控数据，就需要不断切换监控地址，这显然很不方便。要想看这个系统的Hystrix Dashboard数据就需要用到Hystrix Turbine。Turbine是一个聚合Hystrix 监控数据的工具，他可以将所有相关微服务的Hystrix 监控数据聚合到一起，方便使用。引入Turbine后，整个监控系统架构如下：</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151703253.png" alt="image-20201104135250255"></p>
<h4 id="5-1-2-1-搭建TurbineServer"><a href="#5-1-2-1-搭建TurbineServer" class="headerlink" title="5.1.2.1    搭建TurbineServer"></a>5.1.2.1    搭建TurbineServer</h4><p>创建工程 shop_hystrix_turbine 引入相关坐标</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependencies</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-turbine<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependencies</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="5-1-2-2-配置多个微服务的hystrix监控"><a href="#5-1-2-2-配置多个微服务的hystrix监控" class="headerlink" title="5.1.2.2    配置多个微服务的hystrix监控"></a>5.1.2.2    配置多个微服务的hystrix监控</h4><p>在application.yml的配置文件中开启turbine并进行相关配置</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">server:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">port:</span> <span class="number">8031</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">spring:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">application:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">name:</span> <span class="string">hystrix-turbine</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">eureka:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">client:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">service-url:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">defaultZone:</span> <span class="string">http://localhost:9000/eureka/</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">instance:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">prefer-ip-address:</span> <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">turbine:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment"># 要监控的微服务列表，多个用,分隔</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">appConfig:</span> <span class="string">service-order</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">clusterNameExpression:</span> <span class="string">"'default'"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>eureka 相关配置 ： 指定注册中心地址</li>
<li>turbine 相关配置：指定需要监控的微服务列表</li>
</ul>
<p>turbine会自动的从注册中心中获取需要监控的微服务，并聚合所有微服务中的 /hystrix.stream 数据</p>
<h4 id="5-1-2-3-配置启动类"><a href="#5-1-2-3-配置启动类" class="headerlink" title="5.1.2.3    配置启动类"></a>5.1.2.3    配置启动类</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 启动类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@SpringBootApplication</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//trubin配置</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@EnableTurbine</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//激活hytrix的web监控平台</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@EnableHystrixDashboard</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">TurbinAppliation</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        SpringApplication.run(TurbinAppliation<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>, <span class="title">args</span>)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>作为一个独立的监控项目，需要配置启动类，开启 HystrixDashboard监控平台，并激活Turbine</p>
<h4 id="5-1-2-4-测试"><a href="#5-1-2-4-测试" class="headerlink" title="5.1.2.4    测试"></a>5.1.2.4    测试</h4><p>浏览器访问 <a href="http://localhost:8031/hystrix" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:8031/hystrix</a> 展示HystrixDashboard。并在url位置输入  <a href="http://localhost:8031/turbine.stream" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:8031/turbine.stream</a> ，动态根据turbine.stream数据展示多个微服务的监控数据</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151709148.png" alt="image-20201104135710872"></p>
<h2 id="5-2-熔断器的状态"><a href="#5-2-熔断器的状态" class="headerlink" title="5.2    熔断器的状态"></a>5.2    熔断器的状态</h2><p>熔断器有三个状态  CLOSED 、 OPEN 、 HALF_OPEN 熔断器默认关闭状态，当触发熔断后状态变更为OPEN ,在等待到指定的时间，Hystrix会放请求检测服务是否开启，这期间熔断器会变为 HALF_OPEN 半开启状态，熔断探测服务可用则继续变更为  CLOSED 关闭熔断器。</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151716588.png" alt="image-20201104135753795"></p>
<ul>
<li>Closed ：关闭状态（断路器关闭），所有请求都正常访问。代理类维护了最近调用失败的次数，如果某次调用失败，则使失败次数加1。如果最近失败次数超过了在给定时间内允许失败的阈值，则代理类切换到断开(Open)状态。此时代理开启了一个超时时钟，当该时钟超过了该时间，则切换到半断开（Half-Open）状态。该超时时间的设定是给了系统一次机会来修正导致调用失败的错误。</li>
<li>Open ：打开状态（断路器打开），所有请求都会被降级。Hystix会对请求情况计数，当一定时间内失败请求百分比达到阈值，则触发熔断，断路器会完全关闭。默认失败比例的阈值是50%，请求次数最少不低于20次。</li>
<li>Half Open ：半开状态，open状态不是永久的，打开后会进入休眠时间（默认是5S）。随后断路器会自动进入半开状态。此时会释放1次请求通过，若这个请求是健康的，则会关闭断路器，否则继续保持打开，再次进行5秒休眠计时。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151722764.png" alt="image-20201104135910774"></p>
<p>为了能够精确控制请求的成功或失败，我们在 shop_service_order  的调用业务中加入一段逻辑：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RestController</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="string">"/order"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">OrderController</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//注入restTemplate对象</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> RestTemplate restTemplate;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 使用注解配置熔断保护</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      fallbackmethod : 配置熔断之后的降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@param</span> id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@HystrixCommand</span>(fallbackMethod = <span class="string">"orderFallBack"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/product/&#123;id&#125;"</span>, method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (id != <span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(<span class="string">"服务器异常"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> restTemplate.getForObject(<span class="string">"http://service-product/product/1"</span>, Product<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      和需要收到保护的方法的返回值一致</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      方法参数一致</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@param</span> id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">orderFallBack</span><span class="params">(Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Product product = <span class="keyword">new</span> Product();</span><br><span class="line">        product.setProductName(<span class="string">"熔断:触发降级方法"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> product;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这样如果参数是 id为1，一定失败，其它情况都成功。</p>
<p>我们准备两个请求窗口：</p>
<ul>
<li>一个请求：<a href="http://localhost:9001/order/product/2，注定失败" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:9001/order/product/2，注定失败</a></li>
<li>一个请求：<a href="http://localhost:9001/order/product/1，肯定成功" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:9001/order/product/1，肯定成功</a></li>
</ul>
<p>熔断器的默认触发阈值是20次请求，不好触发。休眠时间时5秒，时间太短，不易观察，为了测试方便，我们可以通过配置修改熔断策略：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">hystrix:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">command:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">default:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">circuitBreaker:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">requestVolumeThreshold:</span> <span class="number">5</span> <span class="comment">#触发熔断的最小请求次数，默认20 /10秒</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">sleepWindowInMilliseconds:</span> <span class="number">10000</span> <span class="comment">#熔断多少秒后去尝试请求 默认 5   打开状态的时间</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">errorThresholdPercentage:</span> <span class="number">50</span> <span class="comment">#触发熔断的失败请求最小占比，默认50%</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>当我们疯狂访问id为2的请求时（超过10次），就会触发熔断。断路器会打开，一切请求都会被降级处理。</p>
<p>此时你访问id为1的请求，会发现返回的也是失败，而且失败时间很短，只有20毫秒左右：</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151728247.png" alt="image-20201104142122965"></p>
<h2 id="5-3-熔断器的隔离策略"><a href="#5-3-熔断器的隔离策略" class="headerlink" title="5.3    熔断器的隔离策略"></a>5.3    熔断器的隔离策略</h2><p>微服务使用Hystrix熔断器实现了服务的自动降级，让微服务具备自我保护的能力，提升了系统的稳定性，也较好的解决雪崩效应。<strong>其使用方式目前支持两种策略</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>线程池隔离策略</strong>： 使用一个线程池来存储当前的请求，线程池对请求作处理，设置任务返回处理超时时间，堆积的请求堆积入线程池队列。这种方式需要为每个依赖的服务申请线程池，有一定的资源消耗，好处是可以应对突发流量（流量洪峰来临时，处理不完可将数据存储到线程池队里慢慢处理）</li>
<li><strong>信号量隔离策略</strong>： 使用一个原子计数器（或信号量）来记录当前有多少个线程在运行，请求来先判断计数器的数值，若超过设置的最大线程个数则丢弃改类型的新请求，若不超过则执行计数操作请求来计数器+1，请求返回计数器-1。这种方式是严格的控制线程且立即返回模式，无法应对突发流量（流量洪峰来临时，处理的线程超过数量，其他的请求会直接返回，不继续去请求依赖的服务）</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>线程池和型号量两种策略功能支持对比如下：</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151735433.png" alt="image-20201104142457580"></p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">hystrix:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">command:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">default:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">execution:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">isolation:</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="attr">strategy:</span> <span class="string">ExecutionIsolationStrategy.SEMAPHORE</span> <span class="comment">#信号量隔离</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="comment">#strategy: # ExecutionIsolationStrategy.THREAD 线程池隔离</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="attr">maxConcurrentRequests:</span>  <span class="number">30</span>  <span class="comment">#最大信号量上限</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="5-4-Hystrix的核心源码"><a href="#5-4-Hystrix的核心源码" class="headerlink" title="5.4    Hystrix的核心源码"></a>5.4    Hystrix的核心源码</h2><p>Hystrix 底层基于 RxJava，RxJava 是响应式编程开发库，因此Hystrix的整个实现策略简单说即：把一个HystrixCommand封装成一个Observable（待观察者），针对自身要实现的核心功能，对Observable进行各种装饰，并在订阅各步装饰的Observable，以便在指定事件到达时，添加自己的业务。</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151741961.png" alt="image-20201104142836553"></p>
<h1 id="6-服务熔断Hystrix的替换方案"><a href="#6-服务熔断Hystrix的替换方案" class="headerlink" title="6.    服务熔断Hystrix的替换方案"></a>6.    服务熔断Hystrix的替换方案</h1><p>18年底Netflix官方宣布Hystrix 已经足够稳定，不再积极开发 Hystrix，该项目将处于维护模式。就目前来看Hystrix是比较稳定的，并且Hystrix只是停止开发新的版本，并不是完全停止维护，Bug什么的依然会维护的。因此短期内，Hystrix依然是继续使用的。但从长远来看，Hystrix总会达到它的生命周期，那么Spring Cloud生态中是否有替代产品呢？</p>
<h2 id="6-1-替换方案介绍"><a href="#6-1-替换方案介绍" class="headerlink" title="6.1    替换方案介绍"></a>6.1    替换方案介绍</h2><h3 id="6-1-1-Alibaba-Sentinel"><a href="#6-1-1-Alibaba-Sentinel" class="headerlink" title="6.1.1    Alibaba Sentinel"></a>6.1.1    Alibaba Sentinel</h3><p>Sentinel 是阿里巴巴开源的一款断路器实现，目前在Spring Cloud的孵化器项目 Spring Cloud Alibaba中的一员Sentinel本身在阿里内部已经被大规模采用，非常稳定。因此可以作为一个较好的替代品。</p>
<h3 id="6-1-2-Resilience4J"><a href="#6-1-2-Resilience4J" class="headerlink" title="6.1.2    Resilience4J"></a>6.1.2    Resilience4J</h3><p>Resilicence4J 一款非常轻量、简单，并且文档非常清晰、丰富的熔断工具，这也是Hystrix官方推荐的替代产品。不仅如此，Resilicence4j还原生支持Spring Boot 1.x/2.x，而且监控也不像Hystrix一样弄Dashboard/Hystrix等一堆轮子，而是支持和Micrometer（Pivotal开源的监控门面，Spring Boot 2.x中的Actuator就是基于Micrometer的）、prometheus（开源监控系统，来自谷歌的论文）、以及Dropwizard metrics（Spring Boot曾经的模仿对象，类似于Spring Boot）进行整合。</p>
<h2 id="6-2-Sentinel概述"><a href="#6-2-Sentinel概述" class="headerlink" title="6.2    Sentinel概述"></a>6.2    Sentinel概述</h2><h3 id="6-2-1-Sentinel简介"><a href="#6-2-1-Sentinel简介" class="headerlink" title="6.2.1    Sentinel简介"></a>6.2.1    Sentinel简介</h3><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020110415174913.png" alt="image-20201104143029903"></p>
<p>随着微服务的流行，服务和服务之间的稳定性变得越来越重要。 Sentinel 以流量为切入点，从流量控制、熔断降级、系统负载保护等多个维度保护服务的稳定性。</p>
<p>Sentinel  具有以下特征:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>丰富的应用场景</strong> ：Sentinel 承接了阿里巴巴近 10 年的双十一大促流量的核心场景，例如秒杀（即突发流量控制在系统容量可以承受的范围）、消息削峰填谷、集群流量控制、实时熔断下游不可用应用等。</li>
<li><strong>完备的实时监控</strong> ：Sentinel 同时提供实时的监控功能。您可以在控制台中看到接入应用的单台机器秒级数据，甚至 500 台以下规模的集群的汇总运行情况。</li>
<li><strong>广泛的开源生态</strong> ：Sentinel 提供开箱即用的与其它开源框架/库的整合模块，例如与 Spring Cloud、Dubbo、gRPC 的整合。您只需要引入相应的依赖并进行简单的配置即可快速地接入Sentinel。</li>
<li><strong>完善的 SPI 扩展点</strong>：Sentinel 提供简单易用、完善的 SPI 扩展接口。您可以通过实现扩展接口来快速地定制逻辑。例如定制规则管理、适配动态数据源等。</li>
</ul>
<p>Sentinel 的主要特性：</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151757810.png" alt="image-20201104143158547"></p>
<h3 id="6-2-2-Sentinel-与Hystrix的区别"><a href="#6-2-2-Sentinel-与Hystrix的区别" class="headerlink" title="6.2.2    Sentinel 与Hystrix的区别"></a>6.2.2    Sentinel 与Hystrix的区别</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>Sentinel</th>
<th>Hystrix</th>
<th>resilience4j</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>隔离策略</td>
<td>信号量隔离（并发线程数限流）</td>
<td>线程池隔离/信号量隔离</td>
<td>信号量隔离</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>熔断降级策略</td>
<td>基于响应时间、异常比率、异常数</td>
<td>基于异常比率</td>
<td>基于异常比率、响应时间</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>实时统计实现</td>
<td>滑动窗口（LeapArray）</td>
<td>滑动窗口（基于 RxJava）</td>
<td>Ring Bit Buffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>动态规则配置</td>
<td>支持多种数据源</td>
<td>支持多种数据源</td>
<td>有限支持</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>扩展性</td>
<td>多个扩展点</td>
<td>插件的形式</td>
<td>接口的形式</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>基于注解的支持</td>
<td>支持</td>
<td>支持</td>
<td>支持</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>限流</td>
<td>基于 QPS，支持基于调用关系的限流</td>
<td>有限的支持</td>
<td>Rate Limiter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>流量整形</td>
<td>支持预热模式、匀速器模式、预热排队模式</td>
<td>不支持</td>
<td>简单的 Rate Limiter模式</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>系统自适应保护</td>
<td>支持</td>
<td>不支持</td>
<td>不支持</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>控制台</td>
<td>提供开箱即用的控制台，可配置规则、查看秒级监控、机器发现等</td>
<td>简单的监控查看</td>
<td>不提供控制台，可对接其它监控系统</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="6-2-3-名词解释"><a href="#6-2-3-名词解释" class="headerlink" title="6.2.3    名词解释"></a>6.2.3    名词解释</h3><p>Sentinel  可以简单的分为 Sentinel 核心库和 Dashboard。核心库不依赖 Dashboard，但是结合Dashboard 可以取得最好的效果。</p>
<p>使用 Sentinel 来进行熔断保护，主要分为几个步骤:</p>
<ol>
<li>定义资源</li>
<li>定义规则</li>
<li>检验规则是否生效</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>资源</strong>：可以是任何东西，一个服务，服务里的方法，甚至是一段代码。</p>
<p><strong>规则</strong>：Sentinel 支持以下几种规则：流量控制规则、熔断降级规则、系统保护规则、来源访问控制规则和热点参数规则。Sentinel 的所有规则都可以在内存态中动态地查询及修改，修改之后立即生效</p>
<p>先把可能需要保护的资源定义好，之后再配置规则。也可以理解为，只要有了资源，我们就可以在任何时候灵活地定义各种流量控制规则。在编码的时候，只需要考虑这个代码是否需要保护，如果需要保护，就将之定义为一个资源。</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151821107.png" alt="image-20201104150837505"></p>
<h2 id="6-3-Sentinel中的管理控制台"><a href="#6-3-Sentinel中的管理控制台" class="headerlink" title="6.3    Sentinel中的管理控制台"></a>6.3    Sentinel中的管理控制台</h2><h3 id="6-3-1-下载启动控制台"><a href="#6-3-1-下载启动控制台" class="headerlink" title="6.3.1    下载启动控制台"></a>6.3.1    下载启动控制台</h3><h4 id="6-3-1-1-获取-Sentinel-控制台"><a href="#6-3-1-1-获取-Sentinel-控制台" class="headerlink" title="6.3.1.1    获取 Sentinel 控制台"></a>6.3.1.1    获取 Sentinel 控制台</h4><p>您可以从官方网站中 下载最新版本的控制台 jar 包，下载地址如下：<br><a href="https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases/download/1.6.3/sentinel-dashboard-1.6.3.jar" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases/download/1.6.3/sentinel-dashboard-1.6.3.jar</a></p>
<h4 id="6-3-1-2-启动"><a href="#6-3-1-2-启动" class="headerlink" title="6.3.1.2    启动"></a>6.3.1.2    启动</h4><p>使用如下命令启动控制台：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">java -Dserver.port=8080 -Dcsp.sentinel.dashboard.server=localhost:8080 -Dproject.name=sentinel-dashboard -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.6.3.jar</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>其中 - Dserver.port=8080 用于指定 Sentinel 控制台端口为  8080 。</p>
<p>从 Sentinel 1.6.0 起，Sentinel 控制台引入基本的登录功能，默认用户名和密码都是  sentinel 。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>启动 Sentinel 控制台需要 JDK 版本为 1.8 及以上版本。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="6-3-2-客户端能接入控制台"><a href="#6-3-2-客户端能接入控制台" class="headerlink" title="6.3.2    客户端能接入控制台"></a>6.3.2    客户端能接入控制台</h3><p>控制台启动后，客户端需要按照以下步骤接入到控制台。</p>
<h4 id="6-3-2-1-引入JAR包"><a href="#6-3-2-1-引入JAR包" class="headerlink" title="6.3.2.1    引入JAR包"></a>6.3.2.1    引入JAR包</h4><p>客户端需要引入 Transport 模块来与 Sentinel 控制台进行通信。可以通过  pom.xml 引入 JAR 包:</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>com.alibaba.csp<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>sentinel-transport-simple-http<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="6-3-2-2-配置启动参数"><a href="#6-3-2-2-配置启动参数" class="headerlink" title="6.3.2.2    配置启动参数"></a>6.3.2.2    配置启动参数</h4><p>在工程的application.yml中添加Sentinel 控制台配置信息</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">spring:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">cloud:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">sentinel:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">transport:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">dashboard:</span> <span class="string">localhost:8080</span>   <span class="comment">#sentinel控制台的请求地址</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="6-3-3-查看机器列表以及健康情况"><a href="#6-3-3-查看机器列表以及健康情况" class="headerlink" title="6.3.3    查看机器列表以及健康情况"></a>6.3.3    查看机器列表以及健康情况</h3><p>默认情况下Sentinel 会在客户端首次调用的时候进行初始化，开始向控制台发送心跳包。也可以配置sentinel.eager=true ,取消Sentinel控制台懒加载。</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">spring:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">cloud:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">sentinel:</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">transport:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">dashboard:</span> <span class="string">localhost:8081</span>   <span class="comment">#sentinel控制台的请求地址</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">datasource:</span>	<span class="comment">#加载本地规则</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">ds1:</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="attr">file:</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">file:</span> <span class="string">classpath:flowrule.json</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">data-type:</span> <span class="string">json</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">rule-type:</span> <span class="string">flow</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">eager:</span> <span class="literal">true</span> <span class="comment">#立即加载</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>flowrule.json</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[</span><br><span class="line">  &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">"resource"</span>: <span class="string">"orderFindById"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">"controlBehavior"</span>: <span class="number">0</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">"count"</span>: <span class="number">1</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">"grade"</span>: <span class="number">1</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">"limitApp"</span>: <span class="string">"default"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">"strategy"</span>: <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>打开浏览器即可展示Sentinel的管理控制台</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151803921.png" alt="image-20201104145111970"></p>
<h2 id="6-4-基于Sentinel的服务保护"><a href="#6-4-基于Sentinel的服务保护" class="headerlink" title="6.4    基于Sentinel的服务保护"></a>6.4    基于Sentinel的服务保护</h2><h3 id="6-4-1-通用资源保护"><a href="#6-4-1-通用资源保护" class="headerlink" title="6.4.1    通用资源保护"></a>6.4.1    通用资源保护</h3><h4 id="6-4-1-1-引入依赖"><a href="#6-4-1-1-引入依赖" class="headerlink" title="6.4.1.1    引入依赖"></a>6.4.1.1    引入依赖</h4><p>需要注意SpringCloud-Alibaba与SpringCloud的版本关系</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201104151810155.png" alt="image-20201104145228490"></p>
<p>父工程引入 alibaba实现的SpringCloud</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependencyManagement</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependencies</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-dependencies<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>Greenwich.RELEASE<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">type</span>&gt;</span>pom<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">type</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">scope</span>&gt;</span>import<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">scope</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>com.alibaba.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>2.1.0.RELEASE<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">type</span>&gt;</span>pom<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">type</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">scope</span>&gt;</span>import<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">scope</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependencies</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependencyManagement</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>子工程中引入 sentinel</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>com.alibaba.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="6-4-1-2-配置熔断降级方法"><a href="#6-4-1-2-配置熔断降级方法" class="headerlink" title="6.4.1.2    配置熔断降级方法"></a>6.4.1.2    配置熔断降级方法</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RestController</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="string">"/order"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">OrderController</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//注入restTemplate对象</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Autowired</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> RestTemplate restTemplate;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@param</span> id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@SentinelResource</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      blockHandler : 声明熔断时调用的降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      fallback : 抛出异常执行的降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      value : 自定义的资源名称</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *          不设置:当前全类名.方法名</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@SentinelResource</span>(value = <span class="string">"orderFindById"</span>, blockHandler = <span class="string">"orderBlockHandler"</span>, fallback = <span class="string">"orderFallback"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/buy/&#123;id&#125;"</span>, method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (id != <span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(<span class="string">"错误"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> restTemplate.getForObject(<span class="string">"http://service-product/product/1"</span>, Product<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 定义降级逻辑</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *  hystrix和sentinel</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      熔断执行的降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      抛出异常执行的降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">orderBlockHandler</span><span class="params">(Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Product product = <span class="keyword">new</span> Product();</span><br><span class="line">        product.setProductName(<span class="string">"触发熔断的降级方法"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> product;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">orderFallback</span><span class="params">(Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Product product = <span class="keyword">new</span> Product();</span><br><span class="line">        product.setProductName(<span class="string">"抛出异常执行的降级方法"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> product;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在需要被保护的方法上使用 @SentinelResource注解进行熔断配置。与Hystrix不同的是，Sentinel对抛出异常和熔断降级做了更加细致的区分，通过 blockHandler 指定熔断降级方法，通过 fallback 指定触发异常执行的降级方法。</p>
<h3 id="6-4-2-Rest实现熔断"><a href="#6-4-2-Rest实现熔断" class="headerlink" title="6.4.2    Rest实现熔断"></a>6.4.2    Rest实现熔断</h3><p>Spring Cloud Alibaba Sentinel 支持对  RestTemplate 的服务调用使用 Sentinel 进行保护，在构造RestTemplate bean的时候需要加上  @SentinelRestTemplate 注解。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 启动类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@SpringBootApplication</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">RestOrderApplication</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        SpringApplication.run(RestOrderApplication<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>, <span class="title">args</span>)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * sentinel支持对restTemplate的服务调用使用sentinel方法.在构造</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * RestTemplate对象的时候,只需要加载<span class="doctag">@SentinelRestTemplate</span>即可</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 资源名:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      httpmethod:schema://host:port/path ：协议、主机、端口和路径</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      httpmethod:schema://host:port ：协议、主机和端口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@SentinelRestTemplate</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *  异常降级</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      fallback      : 降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      fallbackClass : 降级配置类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *  限流熔断</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      blockHandler</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *      blockHandlerClass</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span> restTemplate</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@LoadBalanced</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@SentinelRestTemplate</span>(fallbackClass = ExceptionUtils<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>, <span class="title">fallback</span> </span>= <span class="string">"handleFallback"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            blockHandler = <span class="string">"handleBlock"</span>, blockHandlerClass = ExceptionUtils<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class">    )</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class">    <span class="title">public</span> <span class="title">RestTemplate</span> <span class="title">restTemplate</span>() </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> RestTemplate();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>@SentinelRestTemplate 注解的属性支持限流( blockHandler ,  blockHandlerClass )和降级( fallback ,  fallbackClass )的处理。</li>
<li>其中 blockHandler 或  fallback 属性对应的方法必须是对应  blockHandlerClass 或fallbackClass 属性中的静态方法。</li>
<li>该方法的参数跟返回值跟org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestInterceptor#interceptor 方法一致，其中参数多出了一个  BlockException 参数用于获取 Sentinel 捕获的异常。</li>
</ul>
<p>比如上述  @SentinelRestTemplate 注解中  ExceptionUtil 的  handleException 属性对应的方法声明如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 熔断降级</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">ExceptionUtils</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 静态方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 		返回值: SentinelClientHttpResponse</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 		参数 : request , byte[] , clientRquestExcetion , blockException</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//限流熔断业务逻辑</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> SentinelClientHttpResponse <span class="title">handleBlock</span><span class="params">(HttpRequest request, <span class="keyword">byte</span>[] body, ClientHttpRequestExecution execution, BlockException ex)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		Product product = <span class="keyword">new</span> Product();</span><br><span class="line">		product.setProductName(<span class="string">"block"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> SentinelClientHttpResponse(JSON.toJSONString(product));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//异常降级业务逻辑</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> SentinelClientHttpResponse <span class="title">handleFallback</span><span class="params">(HttpRequest request, <span class="keyword">byte</span>[] body,</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="params">                                                            ClientHttpRequestExecution execution, BlockException ex)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		Product product = <span class="keyword">new</span> Product();</span><br><span class="line">		product.setProductName(<span class="string">"Fallback"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> SentinelClientHttpResponse(JSON.toJSONString(product));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>Sentinel RestTemplate  限流的资源规则提供两种粒度：</p>
<ul>
<li>httpmethod:schema://host:port/path ：协议、主机、端口和路径</li>
<li>httpmethod:schema://host:port ：协议、主机和端口</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="6-4-3-Feign实现熔断"><a href="#6-4-3-Feign实现熔断" class="headerlink" title="6.4.3    Feign实现熔断"></a>6.4.3    Feign实现熔断</h3><p>Sentinel 适配了  Feign 组件。如果想使用，除了引入  <code>sentinel -starter</code> 的依赖外还需要 2 个步骤：</p>
<ul>
<li>配置文件打开 sentinel 对 feign 的支持： <code>feign.sentinel.enabled=true</code></li>
<li>加入 <code>openfeign starter</code> 依赖使  <code>sentinel starter</code> 中的自动化配置类生效：</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="6-4-3-1-引入依赖"><a href="#6-4-3-1-引入依赖" class="headerlink" title="6.4.3.1    引入依赖"></a>6.4.3.1    引入依赖</h4><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!--springcloud整合的openFeign--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>com.alibaba.cloud<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="6-4-3-2-开启sentinel-支持"><a href="#6-4-3-2-开启sentinel-支持" class="headerlink" title="6.4.3.2    开启sentinel 支持"></a>6.4.3.2    开启sentinel 支持</h4><p>在工程的application.yml中添加sentinel 对 feign 的支持</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">feign:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">#激活sentinel的支持</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">sentinel:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">enabled:</span> <span class="literal">true</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="6-4-3-3-配置FeignClient"><a href="#6-4-3-3-配置FeignClient" class="headerlink" title="6.4.3.3    配置FeignClient"></a>6.4.3.3    配置FeignClient</h4><p>和使用Hystrix的方式基本一致，需要配置FeignClient接口以及通过 fallback 指定熔断降级方法</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 声明需要调用的微服务名称</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@FeignClient</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *      name : 服务提供者的名称</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *      fallback : 配置熔断发生降级方法实现类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@FeignClient</span>(name = <span class="string">"service-product"</span>, fallback = ProductFeignClientCallBack<span class="class">.<span class="keyword">class</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="title">public</span> <span class="title">interface</span> <span class="title">ProductFeignClient</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 配置需要调用的微服务接口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@param</span> id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/product/&#123;id&#125;"</span>, method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable(<span class="string">"id"</span>)</span> Long id)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="6-4-3-4-配置熔断方法"><a href="#6-4-3-4-配置熔断方法" class="headerlink" title="6.4.3.4    配置熔断方法"></a>6.4.3.4    配置熔断方法</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 实现自定义的ProductFeginClient接口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *      在接口实现类中编写熔断降级方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span> wgy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Component</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">ProductFeignClientCallBack</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">ProductFeignClient</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * 熔断降级的方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Product <span class="title">findById</span><span class="params">(Long id)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Product product = <span class="keyword">new</span> Product();</span><br><span class="line">        product.setProductName(<span class="string">"feign调用触发熔断降级方法"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> product;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>Feign  对应的接口中的资源名策略定义：httpmethod:protocol://requesturl。 @FeignClient 注解中的所有属性，Sentinel 都做了兼容。</p>
<p>ProductFeginClient 接口中方法 findById 对应的资源名为 GET: <a href="http://shop-service-product/product/{str}。" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://shop-service-product/product/{str}。</a></p>

      
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                    <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-服务调用Feign入门"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.    服务调用Feign入门</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-1-Feign简介"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.1    Feign简介</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-2-基于Feign的服务调用"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.2    基于Feign的服务调用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-2-1-引入依赖"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.2.1    引入依赖</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-2-2-配置调用接口"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.2.2    配置调用接口</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-2-3-启动类激活Feign"><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.2.3    启动类激活Feign</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-2-4-通过自动的接口调用远程微服务"><span class="toc-number">1.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.2.4    通过自动的接口调用远程微服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-2-5-测试效果"><span class="toc-number">1.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.2.5    测试效果</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-3-Feign-和Ribbon的联系"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.3    Feign 和Ribbon的联系</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-4-负载均衡"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.4    负载均衡</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-服务调用Feign高级"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.    服务调用Feign高级</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-Feign的配置"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.1    Feign的配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2-请求压缩"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.2    请求压缩</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-3-日志级别"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.3    日志级别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-4-源码分析"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.4    源码分析</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-微服务架构的高并发问题"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.    微服务架构的高并发问题</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-性能工具Jmetter"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.1    性能工具Jmetter</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-1-安装Jmetter"><span class="toc-number">3.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.1.1    安装Jmetter</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-2-配置Jmetter"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.1.2    配置Jmetter</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-2-1-创建新的测试计划"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.1.2.1    创建新的测试计划</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-2-2-测试计划下创建发起请求的线程组"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.1.2.2    测试计划下创建发起请求的线程组</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-2-3-创建http请求模板"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.1.2.3    创建http请求模板</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-2-4-配置测试的接口信息"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.1.2.4    配置测试的接口信息</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-系统负载过高存在的问题"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.2    系统负载过高存在的问题</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-1-问题分析"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.2.1    问题分析</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-2-线程池的形式实现服务隔离"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.2.2    线程池的形式实现服务隔离</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-2-1-配置坐标"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.2.2.1    配置坐标</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-2-2-配置线程池"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.2.2.2    配置线程池</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-2-3-配置调用"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.2.2.3    配置调用</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-服务熔断Hystrix入门"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.    服务熔断Hystrix入门</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-服务容错的核心知识"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.1    服务容错的核心知识</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-1-雪崩效应"><span class="toc-number">4.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.1.1    雪崩效应</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-2-服务隔离"><span class="toc-number">4.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.1.2    服务隔离</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-3-熔断降级"><span class="toc-number">4.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.1.3    熔断降级</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-1-4-服务限流"><span class="toc-number">4.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.1.4    服务限流</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-2-Hystrix介绍"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.2    Hystrix介绍</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-3-Rest实现服务熔断"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.3    Rest实现服务熔断</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-3-1-引入Hystrix的依赖"><span class="toc-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.3.1    引入Hystrix的依赖</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-3-2-启动类激活Hystrix"><span class="toc-number">4.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.3.2    启动类激活Hystrix</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-3-3-配置熔断触发的降级逻辑"><span class="toc-number">4.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.3.3    配置熔断触发的降级逻辑</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-3-3-1-默认的Fallback"><span class="toc-number">4.3.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.3.3.1    默认的Fallback</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-3-3-2-超时设置"><span class="toc-number">4.3.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.3.3.2    超时设置</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-4-Feign-实现服务熔断"><span class="toc-number">4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.4    Feign 实现服务熔断</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-4-1-在Feign中配置开启Hystrix"><span class="toc-number">4.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.4.1    在Feign中配置开启Hystrix</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-4-2-配置FeignClient接口的实现类"><span class="toc-number">4.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.4.2    配置FeignClient接口的实现类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-4-3-修改FeignClient添加hystrix熔断"><span class="toc-number">4.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">4.4.3    修改FeignClient添加hystrix熔断</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-服务熔断Hystrix高级"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.    服务熔断Hystrix高级</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-Hystrix的监控平台"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.1    Hystrix的监控平台</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-1-搭建Hystrix-DashBoard监控"><span class="toc-number">5.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.1.1    搭建Hystrix DashBoard监控</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-1-1-导入依赖"><span class="toc-number">5.1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.1.1.1    导入依赖</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-1-2-添加EnableHystrixDashboard-注解"><span class="toc-number">5.1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.1.1.2    添加EnableHystrixDashboard 注解</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-1-3-访问测试"><span class="toc-number">5.1.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.1.1.3    访问测试</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-2-断路器聚合监控Turbine"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.1.2    断路器聚合监控Turbine</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-2-1-搭建TurbineServer"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.1.2.1    搭建TurbineServer</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-2-2-配置多个微服务的hystrix监控"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.1.2.2    配置多个微服务的hystrix监控</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-2-3-配置启动类"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.1.2.3    配置启动类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-1-2-4-测试"><span class="toc-number">5.1.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.1.2.4    测试</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-2-熔断器的状态"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.2    熔断器的状态</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-3-熔断器的隔离策略"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.3    熔断器的隔离策略</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-4-Hystrix的核心源码"><span class="toc-number">5.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">5.4    Hystrix的核心源码</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-服务熔断Hystrix的替换方案"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.    服务熔断Hystrix的替换方案</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-1-替换方案介绍"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.1    替换方案介绍</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-1-1-Alibaba-Sentinel"><span class="toc-number">6.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.1.1    Alibaba Sentinel</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-1-2-Resilience4J"><span class="toc-number">6.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.1.2    Resilience4J</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-2-Sentinel概述"><span class="toc-number">6.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.2    Sentinel概述</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-2-1-Sentinel简介"><span class="toc-number">6.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.2.1    Sentinel简介</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-2-2-Sentinel-与Hystrix的区别"><span class="toc-number">6.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.2.2    Sentinel 与Hystrix的区别</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-2-3-名词解释"><span class="toc-number">6.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.2.3    名词解释</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-3-Sentinel中的管理控制台"><span class="toc-number">6.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.3    Sentinel中的管理控制台</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-3-1-下载启动控制台"><span class="toc-number">6.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.3.1    下载启动控制台</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-3-1-1-获取-Sentinel-控制台"><span class="toc-number">6.3.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.3.1.1    获取 Sentinel 控制台</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-3-1-2-启动"><span class="toc-number">6.3.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.3.1.2    启动</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-3-2-客户端能接入控制台"><span class="toc-number">6.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.3.2    客户端能接入控制台</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-3-2-1-引入JAR包"><span class="toc-number">6.3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.3.2.1    引入JAR包</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-3-2-2-配置启动参数"><span class="toc-number">6.3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.3.2.2    配置启动参数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-3-3-查看机器列表以及健康情况"><span class="toc-number">6.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.3.3    查看机器列表以及健康情况</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-4-基于Sentinel的服务保护"><span class="toc-number">6.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.4    基于Sentinel的服务保护</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-4-1-通用资源保护"><span class="toc-number">6.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.4.1    通用资源保护</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-4-1-1-引入依赖"><span class="toc-number">6.4.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.4.1.1    引入依赖</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-4-1-2-配置熔断降级方法"><span class="toc-number">6.4.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.4.1.2    配置熔断降级方法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-4-2-Rest实现熔断"><span class="toc-number">6.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.4.2    Rest实现熔断</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-4-3-Feign实现熔断"><span class="toc-number">6.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.4.3    Feign实现熔断</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-4-3-1-引入依赖"><span class="toc-number">6.4.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.4.3.1    引入依赖</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-4-3-2-开启sentinel-支持"><span class="toc-number">6.4.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.4.3.2    开启sentinel 支持</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-4-3-3-配置FeignClient"><span class="toc-number">6.4.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.4.3.3    配置FeignClient</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-4-3-4-配置熔断方法"><span class="toc-number">6.4.3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">6.4.3.4    配置熔断方法</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
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